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- $Unique_ID{BRK03844}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Hyperoxaluria, Primary (Type I)}
- $Subject{Hyperoxaluria, Primary (Type I) Glycolic Aciduria PH Type I Oxalosis
- Cystinuria}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1987, 1988, 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders,
- Inc.
-
- 470:
- Hyperoxaluria, Primary (Type I)
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Primary Hyperoxaluria (Type
- I)) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing on the
- next page to find alternate names, disorder subdivisions, and related
- disorders covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Glycolic Aciduria
- PH Type I
- Oxalosis
-
- Information on the following disorder can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Cystinuria
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Primary Hyperoxaluria (Type I) is a hereditary disorder characterized by
- an inborn error of glyoxylic acid metabolism. Excessive formation of oxalic
- acid occurs in the liver, spleen, and kidneys, resulting in excessive levels
- of the acid in the urine. Calcium oxalate does not dissolve and consequently
- "stones" are formed in the urinary tract.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Symptoms of Primary Hyperoxaluria (Type I) usually begin between 2 and 10
- years of age, but can begin during infancy. The disorder is characterized by
- a burning sensation in the mouth, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. Pain
- in the kidney (renal colic) and passage of stones from the kidney also occur.
- Infection of the urinary tract is common. Calcium oxalate levels in the
- urine are increased. Occasionally, uric acid in the blood (uricemia) may
- also occur. In rare cases, an irregular heart beat may develop.
-
- Causes
-
- Primary Hyperoxaluria (Type I) is a hereditary disorder transmitted by
- autosomal recessive genes. An inborn error of glyoxylic acid metabolism
- causes an excess of oxalic acid in the urine, leading to formation of calcium
- oxalate stones in the kidney. (Human traits including the classic genetic
- diseases, are the product of the interaction of two genes for that condition,
- one received from the father and one from the mother. In recessive
- disorders, the condition does not appear unless a person inherits the same
- defective gene from each parent. If one receives one normal gene and one
- gene for the disease, the person will be a carrier for the disease, but
- usually will show no symptoms. The risk of transmitting the disease to the
- children of a couple, both of whom are carriers for a recessive disorder, is
- twenty-five percent. Fifty percent of their children will be carriers, but
- healthy as described above. Twenty-five percent of their children will
- receive both normal genes, one from each parent and will be genetically
- normal.)
-
- Affected Population
-
- Primary Hyperoxaluria (Type I) affects males and females in equal numbers.
- It is a rare disorder.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Cystinuria is an inherited defect in the intestinal and kidney metabolism of
- the amino acid cystine. This causes excessive urinary excretion of this
- amino acid leading to the formation of "stones" in the urinary tract.
- Infections may also occur. Symptoms include blood in the urine and
- excruciating pain in the patient's side or back. (For more information on
- this disorder, choose "cystinuria" as your search term in the Rare Disease
- Database.)
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- A minority of patients with Primary Hyperoxaluria (Type I) may be helped by
- large doses of pyridoxine (vitamin B6). Avoiding foods high in oxalic acid
- such as spinach and rhubarb may also be helpful. Plenty of liquid should be
- consumed to dilute the urine, thus minimizing the risk of formation of
- calcium oxalate stones. Small kidney stones may be passed in the urine
- spontaneously. Others may be broken up by shock wave fragmentation
- (lithotripsy), although large stones may require surgery. If kidney function
- deteriorates beyond a certain level, hemodialysis and/or kidney
- transplantation may be considered. Unfortunately, these measures are often
- less successful in treating this disorder than other types of kidney disease.
-
- Genetic counseling may be helpful to families of Primary Hyperoxaluria
- (Type I) patients.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Combined liver and kidney transplants have been performed experimentally on
- Primary Hyperoxaluria (Type I) patients. However, more research is necessary
- to determine long-term effectiveness and safety of this procedure.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- June 1989. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Primary Hyperoxaluria (Type I), please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- The Oxalosis and Hyperoxaluria Foundation
- 24815-144th Place, S.E.
- Kent, WA 98042
- (206) 631-0386
-
- National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse
- Box NDDIC
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 468-6344
-
- Research Trust for Metabolic Diseases in Children
- Golden Gates Lodge, Weston Rd.
- Crewe CW1 1XN, England
- Telephone: (0270) 250244
-
- For information on genetics and genetic counseling referrals, please
- contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- THE METABOLIC BASIS OF INHERITED DISEASE, 5th ed.: John B. Stanbury, et
- al, eds.; McGraw-Hill, 1983. Pp. 204-228.
-
-